"kywir" meaning in Middle Welsh

See kywir in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈkəwir/ Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], kywir [error-unrecognized-form], gywir [soft], kywir / chywir [error-unrecognized-form], chywir [error-unrecognized-form]
Etymology: From Proto-Brythonic *köwir, from Proto-Celtic *kouwīros, from *kom- + *wīros. By surface analysis, ky- + gwir. Etymology templates: {{root|wlm|ine-pro|*weh₁-}}, {{der|wlm|cel-bry-pro|*köwir}} Proto-Brythonic *köwir, {{der|wlm|cel-pro|*kouwīros}} Proto-Celtic *kouwīros, {{surf|wlm|ky-|gwir}} By surface analysis, ky- + gwir
  1. true, loyal Derived forms: kywirdeb
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "lang_code": "cy",
      "word": "cywir"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*köwir",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/köwir"
    ],
    [
      "*kouwīros",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kouwīros"
    ],
    [
      "*kom-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kom-"
    ],
    [
      "*wīros",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wīros"
    ],
    [
      "ky-",
      "ky-#Middle_Welsh"
    ],
    [
      "gwir",
      "gwir#Middle_Welsh"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*weh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
        "3": "*köwir"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *köwir",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*kouwīros"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kouwīros",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "ky-",
        "3": "gwir"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, ky- + gwir",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *köwir, from Proto-Celtic *kouwīros, from *kom- + *wīros. By surface analysis, ky- + gwir.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l-self",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kywir",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gywir",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "soft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kywir / chywir",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chywir",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Welsh",
  "lang_code": "wlm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Welsh terms prefixed with ky-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "kywirdeb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "“My trusty Lords,” said Havgan, “bear me hence. My death has come.”",
          "ref": "14th century, anonymous author, edited by R. L. Thomson, Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet (Mediaeval and Modern Welsh Series; vol. I), Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, published 1980, page 5, line 122:",
          "text": "‘Vyng gwyrda kywir,’ heb yr Hafgan, ‘dygwch ui odyma; neut teruynedic angheu y mi.’",
          "translation": "“My trusty Lords,” said Havgan, “bear me hence. My death has come.”",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "true, loyal"
      ],
      "id": "en-kywir-wlm-adj-zMgJm4AW",
      "links": [
        [
          "true",
          "true"
        ],
        [
          "loyal",
          "loyal"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkəwir/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kywir"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "kywirdeb"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "lang_code": "cy",
      "word": "cywir"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*köwir",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/köwir"
    ],
    [
      "*kouwīros",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kouwīros"
    ],
    [
      "*kom-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kom-"
    ],
    [
      "*wīros",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wīros"
    ],
    [
      "ky-",
      "ky-#Middle_Welsh"
    ],
    [
      "gwir",
      "gwir#Middle_Welsh"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*weh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
        "3": "*köwir"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *köwir",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*kouwīros"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kouwīros",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "ky-",
        "3": "gwir"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, ky- + gwir",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *köwir, from Proto-Celtic *kouwīros, from *kom- + *wīros. By surface analysis, ky- + gwir.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l-self",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kywir",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gywir",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "soft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kywir / chywir",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chywir",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Welsh",
  "lang_code": "wlm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Welsh adjectives",
        "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle Welsh lemmas",
        "Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
        "Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
        "Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Middle Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weh₁-",
        "Middle Welsh terms prefixed with ky-",
        "Middle Welsh terms with quotations",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "“My trusty Lords,” said Havgan, “bear me hence. My death has come.”",
          "ref": "14th century, anonymous author, edited by R. L. Thomson, Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet (Mediaeval and Modern Welsh Series; vol. I), Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, published 1980, page 5, line 122:",
          "text": "‘Vyng gwyrda kywir,’ heb yr Hafgan, ‘dygwch ui odyma; neut teruynedic angheu y mi.’",
          "translation": "“My trusty Lords,” said Havgan, “bear me hence. My death has come.”",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "true, loyal"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "true",
          "true"
        ],
        [
          "loyal",
          "loyal"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkəwir/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kywir"
}

Download raw JSONL data for kywir meaning in Middle Welsh (2.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.